By:- Zainab Abdullahi Bida
*Nupe Language Nupe System.*
Nupe:- І, ц, Ш, Ԑ, Π, Ә, Γ, ᴕ, ρ, ІѲ
Arabic:- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
Ladies and gentlemen, let me start by saying that *I have written a complete Nupe Mathematics Text Book through the use of Manarakis inventory of Nupe Numeracy of Symbols, Digits, and Figures.*
In extension, seven people have written Nupe Mathematics Text books thus; Manarakis in 2018 with 115 pages, Hajiya Balkisu in 2021 with 140 pages, Zainab Abdullahi in 2022 with 150 pages, Tijjani Ibrahim, Mallam Suleiman, Aunty Fatima Suleiman, Bala Malagi and many more Nupe writers who are so passionate in the promotion of Nupe Language Numeracy system as introduced by Manarakis.
*Who is an inventor?*
An inventor is the person who first comes up with a brand new idea or thing he or she created for the consumption of the general public if accepted to use. However, Manarakis is the inventor of Nupe Numerals studied by millions of Nupe people across the world.
*Who was the king of Inventory?*
William Shakespeare is credited with the invention or introduction of over 1,700 words that are still in used in English today. William Shakespeare used more than 20,000 words in his plays and poems, and his works provide the first recorded use of over 1,700 words in the English language.
*History of Numeracy System*
The English numeral system, which includes the digits 0 through 9, is derived from the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. This system was developed by Indian mathematicians around the 6th century and was later transmitted to the Islamic world.
The numerals were introduced to Europe through translations of Arabic mathematical texts in the 10th century, and they became widely adopted in England and other parts of Europe during the 15th century. The spread of these numerals was significantly aided by the invention of the printing press and the work of mathematicians like Fibonacci, who advocated for their use in his book “Liber Abaci” published in 1202.
Thus, while there isn’t a single inventor of “English numbers,” their evolution is attributed to a combination of Indian, Arabic, and European influences over several centuries.
*When did number & counting system began?*
Numbers, and counting, began about 4,000 BC in Sumeria, one of the earliest civilizations. With so many people, livestock, crops and artisan goods located in the same place, cities needed a way to organize and keep track of it all, as it was used up, added to or traded.
*Importance of Numeral System.*
Numeral is an important aspect of a language that cannot be separated from the grammar of the language just like counting of money, codes, addresses, size, time, among other aspects that involve the use of numerals. Numerals are an important aspect of every language which ought to be studied, described and documented.
*The Formation of different languages numeral system, symbols and digits.*
*Number name:* One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten
*Arabic numerals:-* 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
*Roman numerals:* I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
*Nupe Numerals:* І, ц, Ш, Ԑ, Π, Ә, Γ, ᴕ, ρ, ІѲ,
*Symbol/Sign (using dots):* ●, ●●, ●●●, ●●●●, ●●●●●, ●●●●●●, ●●●●●●●,
We know that a numeral system is in a mathematical value that helps to count or measure objects and it helps in performing various mathematical calculations. This also goes in line with Africa numerals. There are different types of numeral systems in used by Languages of the world like the simple examples given above from three Languages of the work plus symbols and words.
Arabic numerals or Indo-Arabic numerals (Hindu-Arabic numerals):Arabic numerals, also known as Indo-Arabic or Hindu-Arabic numerals, are the ten digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) we commonly use in our number system. The decimal number system is the extension of the Indo-Arabic numeral system.
Roman numerals: Roman numerals are a numeral system originating from ancient Rome, characterized by the use of letters from the Latin alphabet to represent numbers. Roman numerals are still used today in specific contexts, such as numbering book chapters or indicating the date on clock facesI (1), II (2), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), M (1000), etc.
Nupe Numerals: Nupe numerical system was invented by a great Anthropologist known as a Lord of Nupe History. S.F NADEL invented the use of numerals in his first book titled Black Byzantium in 19th century. The foreword of the book was written by the right Hon. Lord Lugard whom was the Governor General of Nigeria. Nadel discovered Nupe numerals through Nupe traditional mode of prediction on sand (Ati). This made him to figure out struck as Nupe numeral and it was formally moderate by ILLEC since it is the first formal Nupe Language Centre where Nupe language is studied on a weekly bases.
These are the ten Nupe numerals; І, ц, Ш, Ԑ, Π, Ә, Γ, ᴕ, ρ, ІѲ,
Chinese numerals: Chinese numerals, also known as Han numerals, are used in the Chinese writing system to represent numbers. (0), 一 (1), 二 (2), 三 (3), 四 (4), 五 (5), 六 (6), 七 (7), 八 (8), 九 (9), 十 (10).
*How ILLEC Nupe Language Department Started.*
ILLEC started from Manarakis’ effort to start teaching Nupe Language unconventionally on his own without a teacher to guide him. Manarakis relied on the available Nupe books to guide him. The books were written by British Anthropologists, Nupe Historians, Nupe Researchers and so on. He also consulted old Nupe adults in different communities of Nupe land.
On 19th November, 2010, Manarakis was inspired by an article he read written by a British Anthropologist; A.W. Banfield. He took the idea to Facebook with a little poem. Interestingly, that Nupe poem fueled his energy to kick-start a research on Nupe Language. The poem was loved by many friends on Facebook which attracted about 400 likes and comments.
*How did Manarakis started writing Nupe Mathematics Book?*
Adamu Idris Manarakis started writing a Nupe Mathematics book due to his encounter with a brother in 2012. He wanted to write a Mathematics book with the *numerals invented by the brother, Isyaku Bala Ibrahim* who had been writing in Nupe language before Manarakis but due to a disagreement on a certain aspect of the numerals with the inventor, he decided to go ahead on his own. He wrote the book for six years. As he write the book, he teaches it on Facebook, classroom, Online WhatsApp Study platform so that people will get used to his own invented numerals. Gradually, people became so passionate about his zealousness on Nupe Language and by God’s Grace Manarakis can be addressed in no distance time as the Mother of Nupe Language renaissance in 21st Century.